Blood alcohol content is the measure of the level of alcohol intoxication in human blood.
It is also known as blood alcohol test, blood alcohol level, blood alcohol concentration, and blood ethanol concentration.
It is commonly disclosed by the percentage of ethanol (alcohol) the blood contains in units of mass of alcohol per volume of blood. Depending on the country, it can be expressed by mass of alcohol per mass of blood. In some parts of the world like North America, a 0.10 of BAC (a tenth of one percent or 0.10%) translates to the fact that for every 100ml of blood, there are 0.10g of alcohol.
The moment you consume alcohol, it is absorbed directly into your bloodstream and is refined by your liver. A drink can be refined by the liver for one hour, and by 'drink', we mean 5 ounces of wine, 1.5 ounces of whiskey, and 12 ounces of beer. In the incident of drinking faster than the time the liver needs to process the alcohol, drunkenness, or intoxication is usually experienced. Some of the effects of intoxication could include impaired intuition and behavioural changes. However, these effects vary from individual to individual and some factors like gender, age, weight, and amount of food intake before consumption.
Some common impairments and side effects that usually result from an increase in blood alcohol content include:
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Slowed reflexes and reaction time.
- Blood pressure changes
- Slurred speech.
- Heartbeat and breathing hard
- Loss of physical coordination.
- Passing out.
- Memory trouble, blackouts, and memory loss.
The Different BAC Levels & Their Effects
- 2% - This level of intoxication has a little impact on the body and brain; hence, it's the lowest intoxication level. You will feel a bit warmer, relaxed, and could also be prone to making a poor judgment.
- 5% - At this BAC level, your conduct becomes amplified, your body movement is tensed, and your voice turns louder in some cases. Your eyes will lack focus making your vision blurry, and you can also lose domination over small muscles. Your coordination level is reduced, and you might have impaired judgment. Due to lowered inhibitions, you might be moved to engage in risky demeanours like drunk driving.
- 08% - Except Utah, this is the legal limit in the US; at this level, driving is considered illegal. You will lose balance, speech, hearing clearly, reaction times, and coordination. Object focusing becomes painful, and you might also have a slight memory loss, impaired judgment, and lack of self-control.
- 10% - At this intoxication level, you will experience slow functioning of the body, slow thinking, slurred speech, reduced reaction time, and control.
- 15% - This level is one of the highest BAC since talking and walking becomes extremely difficult. You have little or no control over your voluntary muscles and balance, and you might likely fall and get hurt.
- 20 – 0.29% - This level involves stupor, nausea, and severe vomiting. With deterioration in your muscles and balance, you will lose balance and get hurt frequently.
- 30 – 0.39% - This BAC level is crucial as you may be unconscious and death is probable if urgent steps are not taken
- 0.40% and Over – This is the most disastrous of all levels, and victims often experience severe coma which may lead to death since the heart might stop beating
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